Synchronizing means for electrical apparatus.



A. G. GREHORE. smcmwmzme MEANS-FOB ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. 7 APPLICATIONPILEDJULY 17,1903. 91 3 63, Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

4 S SHEET 1.

[/2 Wm far A, 0. 'GRBHORE. SYNGHRONIZING MEANS FOR. ELECTRICALAPPARATUS.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 17.1903.

913,363. Patentd Feb. 23, 1 909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 VWznesses: In 22022202 M42. XXJAQ 1 15 61 7 Aw;

A. U. UREHORE. SYNGHRONIZING MEANS FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPI-TOATION FILED JULY 17,1903.

91 3,363. Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

A. 0'. GREHORE.- synclmomzme MEANS FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

4 SHEETQ-SHEET 4.

Wzinesses. V Inventor W. 1M Aida M 5,, Ail? ALBERT O. CREHORE, OFYONKERS, NEW YORK.

SYNCHRONIZING MEANS FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 23, 1909.

Application filed July 17, 1903. Serial No. 165,927.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT C. Cnnnoan,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Yonkers, county ofWestchester, and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Synchronizing Means for Electrical Apparatus; and inpursuance of the statute l have set forth irithe accompanying drawingand specification as an illustration of the invention that form thereofwhich I now regard as the best one of the various forms in which theprinciple of the invention may be embodied.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a telegraph line withsynchronous multiplex apparatus thereon to be controlled according to myinvention. diagrammatically the elementary principles of my invention asillustrated by its application to a single Morse line. Figs. 38 showvariations in the embodiment of the invention. Figs. 9, and 11 SllOWthGapplication of the synchronizing devices to a duplex line. Figs. 12-14show their application to a quadruplex line. Fig. 15 shows theapplication of the synchronizing devices to the line containing theapparatus to be synchronized.

Certain kinds of electrical apparatus such as multiplex telegraphsemploy electro-magnctic devices at difi'erent points which need to workin exact synchronism with one another, and the object ofmy invention isto provide means whereby special synchronizing electrical impulses maybe transmitted over a line without interference with other transmissionthat may take place on the same or another line at the same time.

I usually employ an alternating current for the synchronizing function,its impulses being transmitted continuously over an intact circuit,while other circuits utilizing the same line Wire may be made and brokenor otherwise operated at will without disturbing or being disturbed bythe synchronizing current. Such other circuits may include telegraphapparatus such as that of the ordinary Morse type, either single ormultiplex, and they may include the particular synchronous multiplextelegraph to which the synchronizing impulses are'applied, or otherapparatus fitted to the situation. 'I may, however, use direct currentimpulses, either reversed or not, to'give the synchronizing effect incertain cases.

I also include, as a part of my invention Fig. 2 shows that specialembodiment of its fundamental features wherein the synchronizingimpulses are applied to a line, distinct from that on which theapparatus to be controlled is situated, but still containing otherapparatusin circuits that remain independent of the circuits on the sameline, inwhich my synchronizing devices operate.

To illustrate the principles of my invention I have shown, as one of itsdifferent enibodiments, a synchronous multiplex telegraph systemoperating on a line wire, and, for securing the synchronism of thediilerent instruments, the synchronizing impulses aforesaid are appliedon a second wire which also carries the circuits of an ordinary Morsetelegraph system. By circuits I mean the conducting routes orcombinations of routes pertaining to the respective classes ofapparatus, there being on the same line or wire, and at the same time,different currents for which d fferent circuits, appropriate to therespective currents, are provided. The line wire will thus be includedin different circuits being the common medium utilized by all of thedifferent currents as a portion of their respective circuits.

I have also shown various modes of applying the synchronizing devices toMorse circuits, and have, in addition, shown, but without makin specificclaim to it in the present application, how such devices may be appliedon the multiplex or controlled lineitself, instead of on a separateline.

My invention so far as it applies to synchronous multiplex telegraphy isnot limited to any particular system of that class, but is applicable toanysystem which is dependent upon synchronous movement of the respectiveinstruments, and in which it is desirable to insure such synchronism bymeans of the supplemental appliances which .form' one feature of thepresent application.

Turning to the accompanying drawings,I have indicated in Fig. 1 thereofa' multiplex telegraph line A having at different stations thereonsynchronous telegraphing apparatus which I have indicated as comprisinga sunflower with a circular series of contact plates forming theterminals of several local circuits, and a rotating contact trailer 0which'connects the main line A with the several local circuits insuccession. B is the shaft of the sunflower uponwhich the rotary contactarm- C is mounted and which is' operated by a mo'tor'D. It is notnecessary to enter into details of this multiplex system, since mypresent invention is independent of such details, and is concerned onlywith the problem of synchronizing the electromagnetic devices whichrequire to be worked in synchronisrn, and which, in this articularexample, are the several motors respective instruments along the line A.These motors D in this form of the invention are not included in theline A, but are operated from a wholly separate circuit (A of Fig. 2).This entirely relieves line A of the synchronizing duty and so gives tothe telegraphservice thereon, a gain in speed, or a gain in distance, ora gain in the number of messages that may be simultaneously transmitted. a

The motors D may be either included directly in line A as shown in Fig.7 or con trolled by a relay included, therein and claims hereinaftermadewhich mention a motor are to be considered, unless otherwise stated, asreferring equally to a relay controlling a motor, the relay itself-beinga species of motor. Since the relay, method is. more generallyadaptable, I have shown in Fig. 1 such a relay at E, in line A and alsoits connection with the motor. The relay E is of the polarized typeresponding tothe alternating currents in line A and its tongue a,connected to one terminal of motor D, vibrates between contacts land 2connected respectively to a terminal of one ofthe con-.

densers F and F which are charged by the generator G. The oppositecondenser ter minals are both connected to the other terminal of motor Dby the wire f, so that one condenser or the other will discharge intothe motor according'as the tongue ais in contact with point 1 -or point2; if the former, condenser F discharge, or if the latter, condenser Fwill discharge, the idle condenser in the meanwhile receiving its chargefrom generator G. Resistancesto reduce the spark and control the amountof current will be placed around the contacts 1 and 2. By this means, aseries of alter nating impulses will be delivered to motor D,synchronous with the vibrations of the relay E and these impulses willgive a cor-' responding rate of rotation to the motor and:

the apparatus driven thereby. This particular method of relay control ofmotor D is not claimed by me and is merely shown to complete theillustration.

alent arrangement may be substituted therefor.

Turning next to Fig. '2, wherein is illustrated an elementary formof mysynchronizing devices, A is an ordinary telegraph'line operated on thesingle Morse-system without any of the usual multiplex appliancestherefor. In this lineI superpose on the Morse currents and a paratus,an alternating current which not interferewith the Morse of the .isshown at the opposite station.

Any other equivsystem, but will work simultaneously therewith and giveto the motors D, or relays E, therein an action synchronous with itsrate of alternations. The, alternating generator in line A may belocated at any desired point, preferably near the center when the lineis very long, but for illustration I have one side to the ground K) andkey J i (connected to the other terminal of battery H) and the relay I(connected between key J and line wire A This ap aratus will work in theordinary fashion, t ebattery, key and relay being all in series witheach other and with the line A. A similar set of apparatus Thesynchronizing relay E, Which,'as already noted,

may in some cases be replaced by the motor D itself, is shown asincluded in the line A but shunted by an inductive resistance R,

and in series with condenser C Bythisarrangement the alternating currentcoming "uninterruptedly from genenatorGr at a specified frequency, willbediverted by the coil B into the branch containing the relav E andcondenser C In the latter branch the oapacity of the condenser will, ata predeter mined frequency, neutralize the inductance of the relay sothat the impedance of1 the branch, will be small as compared with thatofjthe other branch. The Morse current, "on the other hand, willpass'through the branch -containing coil R which, to such current,presents little resistance and can not pass" through the relay branchbecause of the condenser C. I may be included in series with the Morserelay, as at R Fig. 2 at the right hand sta- If desired, aninductancecoil tion, which will supplement the inductance of the relay and aid inpreventing the alter- V nating current from affecting the relay;'

Likewise, after passing-the relay, the alternating current will-.go toground K through that serves to shut 03 the Morse currents, the capacityof the condenser being preferably '120 the 'wire a which contains acondenser 0 balanced by the inductance-coil R .The $5 alternatingcurrent may also go to rand i (when key J is closed) through thecondenser and inductance coil 0 and R .The Morse current, however, cannot pass through either of these condenser. branches and so goesdirectly to relay I, to key J, to battery H, to ground K. Thus there aretwo ground connections between the motor and the ground, including acondenser and serving for the alternating current only and the otherbeing the normal ground of the telegraphic apparatus. In this manner there-- speetive currents'will be separated out and diverted to theirrespective receiving instruments independently of each other. Thesynchronizing devices 'will thus have a circuit that always remains, forthem, intact and the alternating-current will flow without interruption,exerting its synchronizing and operatmg effect upon the sunflowers C ofthe multiplex line A; the Morse current will fiow over its particularcircuit according to the manipulation of the keys J and operate thelocal instruments just as if the alternating current were not there;This illustration shows the character of my present invention, it beingnoted that while I have mentioned a Morse circuit as the one to beutilized for transmitting the synchronizing impulses, yet

it will be understood that any other line hav-- ing currents andapparatus capable of differentiation from the synchronizing current maybe utilized therefor in like manner, while, as I will show hereinafterthey may be applied to line A itself.

I should mention that in the plan of Fig. 2 the condenser and inductancecoil C' and R may shunt the key J as in Fig. 3 or the battery and key asin Fig. 4. In that case the Morse relay I will be substituted for theinductance coil R in the branch around synchronizing relay E and itscondenser C as appears in Fig. 3. Moreover, as in Fig 5, the coil andcondenser R and C may be omitted and an inductance coil R placed inseries in the Morse relay branch. Al so, as in Fig. 6, the coil andcondenser R and C may be omitted, and the key J may, through transmitterJ send currents of differing polarity to the line from batteries H and Halternately. Again, for a way station on line A the arrangement may beas in Fig. 7, which will be readily understood from the foregoingdescription, it being merely noted that the motor I) is itselfsubstituted in line A for the motor-controlling relay E. In thisarrangement of Fig. 7 the M rse relay can be substituted for coil R asin Fig. 3, provided the motor-relay E is used instead of the motoritself, when the coil and condenser E C may shunt key J as in Fig. 3, orthe key and battery as in Fig. 4, a coil being also included if desiredin the circuit so shunted.

It is not necessary that the attained synchronous speed of the apparatusshould correspond to the frequency of the alternating current, but maybe that of a supplementary synchronizer acting on the alternatingcurrent,"or if desired on a direct or reversed current flowing over thesynchronizing circuit.- Thus in Fig. 8, the alternating generator G isshown at the left hand station, and, while running continuously itscurrent is admitted to the line periodically, the periods being lessfrequent than the current alternations. This may be provided for by acontinuously running circuit-breakerPin a local circuit includingtransmitter circuit containing magnet Q, which acts, on each closure, tooperate the transmitter J controlling the generator G. In the conditionshown, line A" is connected to ground through the spring 7' and theransmitter-lever, the circuit of G being open, but when magnet Q acts,it raises the outer end of the lever away from and against j. Thisconnects the generator to line periodically, the periods beingdetermined by the rate of rotation of circuit-breaker P. VJhen thecurrent is flowing, the armature of relay E, at the opposite end of theline, vibrates, making such poor contact with its steps that the circuitof magnet E controlled by the relay, is practically open and the magnetinert. This allows the magnet armature to vibrate, not coincidently withthe alternating impulses, but coincidently with the makes and breaks ofcircuit breaker P. The magnet E controls motor D, as in Fig. 1 it iscontrolled by relay E itself. The motor D is operated by thedirect-current generator G and condense s F F in the manner described atlength in connection with said 1. I have shown in this Fig. 8 none ofthe other apparatus except the keyJ and battery II with an interveninginductance coil.

'I will next desc ibe the application of my synchronizing apparatus to aMorse circuit that is duplexed or quadruplexed by the ordinary means.

Referring to Fig. 9 which shows a duplex system, I is an ordinarydifferential relay, one side of which is in the line A" and the other inthe artificial line 11. The synchronizing relay E has one of its coilsconnected in a shunt around one half of Morse relay I and its other coilin a second shunt around the other half, a condenser C being in serieswith each coil. The key J and gene ators ll,

H are shunted by a condenser C and g lit,

balancing inductance-ll". T not on provides a path for the synchronizingcurrent to ground independent of the artificial line and the generatorsH, H but also reduces the abruptncss of the impulses from generators H,H, which must first charge the condenser before charging the ine.

It is sometimes the case that the polar relay I is not wound suitably toshunt the synchronizing relay E and in that event I employ thearrangement in Fig. 10, w herein each half of relay E is shunted by aseparate inductance R the two relay coils and their respectiveinductances being on opposite sides of the circuit. The two sides ofrelay I will in like manner he on the respective 20 wound differently sothat the effects of the 3 that the single shunts contain specialcoilssides of the circuit and each will be shunted entirely in the lineA being in series with condenser C and shunted by inductance R 'The twosides of the polar relay I are however in the main line A and theartificial line L'i'espectively each being shunted bya'condenser C andan inductance coil R In 'Fig. 12 Ishow a quadruplex system,

' working from each end with reversed Morse currents for one set ofmessages'and with unreversed Morse currents for the other set. I and Iare the respective receiving relays for the Morseeurrents, wounddifferentially in the usual manner. J is the reversing key and J is theneutral key. L is the artificial line. Each half of the relay I isshunted by a coil and condenser R C as previously described. Thesynchronizing relay E is Morse currents in the respective halves willneutralize each other, and the two halves of the relay are inshuntsaround the, respective sides-of relayI each being in series with acondenser. 7 The Morse keys and battery are shunted by coil andcondenser R C as before described for Fig. 9.

This renders the line intact for the transmission of the continuously oerating synchronizing currents, which are s unted around the Morseinstruments. by the condensers and the capacity of each condenserbalanced by a corresponding inductance. a

Figs. 13' and 14. represent modifications, or

' I rather variations, in the connections shown in-Fig. 12. one half ofboth 1 and 1 this shunt containing one coil of relay Eand a condenser.The

same arrangement is'shown in Fig. 1.4 except R eachwith a condenser 0 cIn F ig.f15 I show one form of the heretofore mentioned application ofthe synchronizing im ulses directly to line Aitself, these im ulses eingrendered independent of the mu tiplex transmission by the methods al--re'adydescribed. By means of the'synchro- .nously operated sun-flowersCand C at the transmitting and receiving station's respectively,'. theseveral keys J n o erate the several receivers .I in a mann'ert atiswell known, the line A being connected at the proper moments to eachkey and its cor responding receiver, and the success1ve con nections'being so rapid that ln'efiect each of i the four keys'rnay work itsreceiver as if they two viz., each key and its receiver were the onlyones on the line. Each receiver; 1' is shunted by a balanced condenser Gand the motor relay. E, in series with its condenser C is contained inthe main line A and shuntw ed by inductance coil R There is also theline (1, leading from line. a to groundi K-y through condenser C andinductance coil In Fig. 13 a single shunt bridgesplex arrangements.'- 7v What I claim as new andldesire to secure I". The'alternatincurrent-enerator G b 4 may synchronize sunflower C. rangement I so timethe frequency of the .synchronizing impulses and the dimensions In thisar- 1 of sunflower C that the brush 0 will remain on one section of "thesunflower while one complete cycle of the, alternating current isflowing.

" In the following claims I intend to embrace my arrangement ofsynchronizing deapparatus, capable of beingoperated without disturbancefrom the said devices, irrespective of whether the. synchronousapvices'on'a line which also contains telegraphic paratus to ,wcbich'thesynchronizing devices are applied is upon'the same lines or u on a.

(liiferen't. line; As a specific form .0 the inventionI alsomake'special claim herein to an arrangement wherein the. apparatus towhich the synchronous devices are applied is on a separate and distinctline as in- Figs. 1'

and 2. The'alternate form shown in Fig. 15

whereinsynchronizing devices are applied to apparatus on' the same lineis shown herein and will serve' as the basis of a se arate applicationfor patent. ltwill also e observed that as regards the particular type'of telegraphic apparatus contained in the synchronizing line I makegeneric claims which are not limited either to a single, a duplex or aquadruplex'system, but as a specific matter I .make particular claimsrelating to thearrangement 'of difierential magnets which characterizesboth the duplex and quadruby Letters Patent is:

merely to indicate the scope of my invention 1. The combination withsynchronous telegraphic; apparatus, ofsynchronous de:

"VI'CGS therefor comprismga motor responding to alternating currents, aline for said motor including, in addition to the ,motor, telegraphicapparatus for the transmission and reception of messages and two sourcesof current, one for the telegraphic apparatus and the other acontinuously operati'ng source of alternating current for operating themotor without disturbing the operation of the said telegraphicapparatus. I

2. The combination 'with synchronous electricalapparatus, of synchronousdevices therefor comprising a motor, a controlling a continuouslyoperating source of alter- 1 20 relay for the motor responding toalternating -currents, a line for said relay including telenatin'gcurrent on saidline for operating the Y relay without, disturbing theoperation of said telegraphic apparatus. v -3.-The combination -withsynchronouselectrical apparatus, of synchronous devices current togetherwith separate local branches denser and thefother containing the. saidtelegraph apparatus.

electrical apparatus, of synchronizing devices therefor comprising amotor respondtherefor comprising a motor responding to I circuitsbetween the said motor and the i alternating currents, a line for saidmotor, I ground, one containing a condenser and the telegraphicapparatus on said line for the transmission and reception of messages, asource of irregular current-impulses for the E telegraphic apparatus,and a second source I of current consisting of a continuously operatingalternating-current generator for operating the motor without disturbingthe operation of the telegraphic apparatus.

4. The combination of a synchronous electrical apparatus, ofsynchronizing devices therefor comprising a motor responding toalternating currents, a line for said motor containing telegraphicapparatus for the transmission and reception of messages, and twoseparate sources of current, one a'source of irregular current-impulsesfor operating tele raphic]apparatus and the other a continuously-operating source of alternating for the two respective kindsof current.

5. The combination with synchronous electrical apparatus, ofsynchronizing de vices therefor comprising a motor responding toalternating currents, a line for said motor including telegraphicapparatus responding to irregular current impulses and a source ofcurrent therefor, a continuously operating. source of alternatingcurrent for said motor, and separate local branches for the telegraphicand the synchronizing currents respectively, the branch. for thesynchronizing currents containing a condenser and the branch for thetelegraphic current containing an inductance device. i

6-. The combination with synchronous ing to alternating currents, a linefor said motor including telegraphic apparatus shunted by a condenser, acontinuously operating source of alternating currents, a source oftelegraphic currents, and separate branches between said motorand-'theground, one of said branches being provided with a con- 7. Thecombination with synchronous electrical apparatus of synchronizingdevices therefor comprising a line, a motor and a condenser included ina branch of said line and shunted by inductance, and a continuouslyoperating sourceof alternating current on said'line, the said line alsocontaining telegraphic apparatus at a point between the said motor anthe ground shunted by a second ground connection containing a condenser.I j j 8. The combination with a line and a con-' tinuously operatedsource of alternating current thereon, of a synchronizing motorresponding to said alternating current included in the said line inseries with a condenser and shunted by an inductance, and two branchother containing telegraphic apparatus.

9. The combination with a line, of a source of telegraph currentsoperating irregularly to give telegraphic communication, a continu ouslyoperating source of alternating current on the same line, asynchronizing motor responding to the alternating currents and includedin the said line in series with the condenser but shunted by inductance,and two ground connections between the said motor and the ground, onecontaining a condenser and the other containing telegraphig apparatus.

10. The combination with a line, of a source of continuously operatingalternating current, a synchronizing motor responding to said current,asource of telegraphic current, telegraphic apparatus having a differentially wound magnet one coil of which is contained in the said linearid the other coil in an artificial line, and two circuits between saidtelegraphic apparatus and the ground,- one containing a condenser andserving as a ground for the alternating currents, the other containingthe transmitting key of the telegraphic apparatus.

tinuously operating source of alternating current, a synchronizing motorresponding thereto and contained in said line in series with thecondenser but shunted by an inductance device, telegraphic ap aratushaving a diiierential coil, one ,branc of which is contained in the saidline and the other branch in an artificial line, and two ground circuitsbetween the said telegraphic apparatus and the ground, one containing acondenser and serving as a ground for the alternating current and theother containing the transmitting key and a source of telegraphiccurrents for the said apparatus.

12. The combination with a line, of a source of continuously operatingalternating current, a synchronizing motor responding thereto andcontained in said line in series with a condenser but shunted by aninductance device, telegraphic apparatus containing a dilierential coilone branch of which is in said line and the other branch in anartificial line both branches being shunted by a condenser, and twocircuit connections be tween said apparatus and the ground,'onecontaining a condenser and serving as a ground for the alternatingcurrent and the. I

other containing a source of telegraphic current and serving as a groundforthe telegraphic apparatus.

13. The combination with synchronous electrical apparatus and a linetherefor, of

. nections, one aground for the telegraphic opereting source ofalternating current for v In witness ivhereof I have hereunto sub- ,saldmotor, econdenser 1n ser1es wlth s'ard motor, an inductive shunt aroundboth Witnesses, this 8th day of July 1903. motor and condenser, and twoground con- ALBERT C. CREHORE.

I apparatus and the other containing a con i Witnesses: 'denserandserving as a ground for the alter- G. W. HOPKINS,

v I L. T. SHAW.

nating current.

scribed my name, before two subscribing b

